Canadian immigration policy
1. Canadian immigration policy
1) a basic principle
○ Canada recognizes immigrants as the driving force of national development and the center of economic development strategies as a multicultural society composed of various races, and actively accepts immigrants and refugees from the perspective of population policy due to population aging and the decrease in the working population
- 40% of the population is an immigrant or immigrant child
2) Characteristics of Immigration Policy
○ Support each immigrant group to contribute to Canadian society while maintaining their ethnic identity based on multiculturalism and inclusion policies
- Four out of ten Canadian populations are immigrants or immigrant children, making up a large proportion of people from Asia, such as India, China, and the Philippines
○ Canada actively utilizes immigration policy as a driving force to cope with low birth rates, aging population, and labor shortage and promote economic growth
- 25% of Canada's working population is immigrants
- Canada accepts new immigrants, more than 1% of the total population each year, accounting for about 75% of the population growth
○ As the decline in immigrants caused by COVID-19 has prevented timely supply of labor to the local economy and labor market, we will expand immigration quotas and promote more active and efficient immigration policies
- (Migrant Acceptance Size) Plans to accommodate a total of 1.3 million new immigrants over the three years of 2022-2024, including △431,645, △2023-447,055, and △2024-451,000
3) Canadian immigration history
○ A large immigrant population flowed into Canada for the development of the plains in the middle and west and the construction of transcontinental railways, and more than 1 million people flowed into the region from 1896 to 1911
- At that time, prejudice against race and culture existed, such as recognizing people of color as inferior, and closed immigration policies were implemented that prioritized European-white people
○ Until 1950, Canada's labor market demand was not so high, so it was passive in the supply and demand of immigration, but after World War II, rapid economic growth made it urgent to expand the labor force, so active immigration measures were implemented
- By 1961, 97% of the population was European white, and only about 50,000 (Japanese, Chinese, etc.) were from Asia
Types of immigration systems
○ Canada's immigration system is largely classified into three types: economic immigration, family-invited immigration, and refugees (58% economic immigration, 26% family immigration, and 13% refugee)
1) Economic Class
○ Plans to expand the proportion of economic immigration to 60% of the total immigration rate to cope with economic growth and recovery engines, population aging, and labor shortages after COVID-19
○ From the manual immigration system, which accepted immigration in the order of application in the past, to the active immigration system, which selects and accepts necessary personnel to help economic activities, the Express Entry system, a new immigration selection method, will be implemented from January 1, 2015
- The system scores the skills, age, career, educational background, and language skills of candidates who wish to immigrate to Canada and selects immigrants based on their ability
○ Previously, there was an investment immigration system among economic immigration, but it was abolished after 2014 because it was judged that investment immigration did not contribute significantly to Canada's employment growth or economic growth
▶ Federal Skilled Workers Program (FSWP)
○ For professional occupational technicians who wish to settle in Canada and find employment
- The purpose of stabilizing the supply and demand of the Canadian labor market and the development of industrial technology is to accommodate under-supplied technology or experienced persons in Canada
- Applicable occupation groups: Highly educated professionals in machinery, civil engineering, computer, petroleum engineering, etc
▶ Federal Skilled Traders Program (FSTP)
○ The method of accepting immigration through expedited procedures for professional technical personnel urgently needed in some parts of Canada, such as electricians, welder, heavy equipment drivers, plumbers, and chefs (new on January 2, 2013)
▶ Canadian Experience Class (CEC)
○ A system that recognizes study or employment experience in Canada, preferential treatment for young age groups who have already worked in Canada for more than a year and have language skills
- They are recognized as groups that are easy to settle in society and enter the labor market
▶ Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)
○ Canada's immigration policy is under the jurisdiction of the federal government, but considering that each state has different industrial characteristics and required labor, some of the federal immigration quotas are allocated to each state so that the state can nominate and select immigrants on its own
- Select the required schedule of personnel at the state level in accordance with agreements signed between the federal and state governments of Canada
- In recent years, the federal government has expanded state-nominated immigration quotas and granted each state's immigration powers
▶ Quebec-selected Skilled Workers
○ In accordance with the Quebec Immigration Act, Quebec selects immigrants who wish to reside in Quebec and then goes through federal immigration procedures
▶ Federal Business Immigration Program
○ Start-up Business Class: A system that supports start-up capital and issues permanent residency by connecting the founders of business items with high job creation effects and beneficial to the Canadian economy with venture capital or investors
2) Family Class
○ The purpose is to combine the family members of Canadian citizens or permanent residents
○ Subjects
- Citizens or permanent residents over the age of 18 living in Canada can invite family members - The purpose of family combination, such as spouse, fact alone, unmarried children under the age of 22, parents and grandparents, and adoptees under the age of 18
○ Family-invited immigration shall not be subject to examination based on the score system, but it is necessary to go through a medical examination and a criminal record confirmation procedure
- The invitee is required to provide proof of income to financially support the invited family members and relatives
Refugee (Refugee)
○ Canada has signed the United Nations Convention on Refugees
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